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Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that involves measuring specific drug levels in a patient's bloodstream to ensure that the dosage of medication prescribed is effective while minimizing potential toxicity. This monitoring is particularly important for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range, where the difference between effective and harmful concentrations of the drug is small. By regularly checking the drug levels in the blood, healthcare providers can make informed decisions about dosing adjustments, ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes.

While monitoring drug interactions, assessing patient adherence, and tracking adverse drug reactions are all critical components of comprehensive patient care, they do not specifically encompass the practice of TDM. In contrast, TDM is directly focused on the quantification of drug levels in the bloodstream and is often used for medications such as digoxin, lithium, and anticonvulsants, where precise dosing is crucial for patient safety and efficacy.