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Rapid-acting insulin is known for its quick onset of action, typically beginning to work within 15 minutes after injection. This type of insulin is specifically designed to mimic the natural rise in insulin secretion that occurs after meals, allowing for better postprandial (after meal) glucose control. The effect usually peaks within 1 to 2 hours and can last for 3 to 4 hours.

In contrast, long-acting insulin is formulated to provide a steady level of insulin over an extended period, which means it does not have a rapid onset and is typically used for maintaining baseline insulin levels. Intermediate-acting insulin, while faster to act than long-acting, is still slower than rapid-acting insulin and is usually administered to provide coverage between meals. Basal insulin refers to insulin that maintains background levels and generally reflects long-acting insulin profiles.

The design and pharmacokinetic properties of rapid-acting insulin make it the preferred choice for managing blood glucose spikes related to meals, leading to its recognition as the insulin type with the fastest onset of action.